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The Venona project was a United States counterintelligence program initiated during World War II by the United States Army's Signal Intelligence Service and later absorbed by the National Security Agency (NSA), that ran from February 1, 1943, until October 1, 1980. [1]
Stephen Gold (15 January 1956 – 12 January 2015) was a hacker and journalist who in the mid-1980s was charged with, convicted and later acquitted of, 'uttering a forgery' in what became known to the popular press of the time as "The Great Prestel Hack".
Uttering and forgery were originally common law offences, both misdemeanours. Forgery was the creation of a forged document, with the intent to defraud; whereas uttering was merely use – the passing – of a forged document, that someone else had made, with the intent to defraud.
The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article , discuss the issue on the talk page , or create a new article , as appropriate.
Literary forgery is a body of written work attributed to a certain eminent, historical or popular author. This forgery is often a fake manuscript or diary created to attribute certain ideological beliefs or actions to the figure. Literary forgery is often difficult to refute because the purported author is usually deceased.
Forgery is a crime in all jurisdictions within the United States, both state and federal. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Most states, including California , describe forgery as occurring when a person alters a written document "with the intent to defraud, knowing that he or she has no authority to do so."
Formed a separate Department of the Air Force from the existing United States Army Air Forces. Subordinated the military branches to the new Secretary of Defense. Established the National Security Council to coordinate national security policy in the Executive Branch. Chartered the Central Intelligence Agency. [4]
The United States Secret Service (USSS or Secret Service) is a federal law enforcement agency under the Department of Homeland Security tasked with conducting criminal investigations and providing protection to U.S. political leaders, their families, and visiting heads of state or government. [3]