Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Forms of the reciprocity theorems are used in many electromagnetic applications, such as analyzing electrical networks and antenna systems. [1] For example, reciprocity implies that antennas work equally well as transmitters or receivers, and specifically that an antenna's radiation and receiving patterns are identical.
Antenna directivity is the ratio of maximum radiation intensity (power per unit surface) radiated by the antenna in the maximum direction divided by the intensity radiated by a hypothetical isotropic antenna radiating the same total power as that antenna. For example, a hypothetical antenna which had a radiated pattern of a hemisphere (1/2 ...
In electromagnetics, the antenna factor (AF, units: m −1, reciprocal meter) is defined as the ratio of the electric field E (units: V/m or μV/m) to the voltage V ...
One definition of signal-to-noise ratio is the ratio of the power of a signal (meaningful input) to the power of background noise (meaningless or unwanted input): =, where P is average power.
Wavenumber has dimensions of reciprocal length, so its SI unit is the reciprocal of meters (m −1). In spectroscopy it is usual to give wavenumbers in cgs unit (i.e., reciprocal centimeters; cm −1 ); in this context, the wavenumber was formerly called the kayser , after Heinrich Kayser (some older scientific papers used this unit ...
The antenna gain, or power gain of an antenna is defined as the ratio of the intensity (power per unit surface area) radiated by the antenna in the direction of its maximum output, at an arbitrary distance, divided by the intensity radiated at the same distance by a hypothetical isotropic antenna which radiates equal power in all directions.
In network science, reciprocity is a measure of the likelihood of vertices in a directed network to be mutually linked. [1] Like the clustering coefficient , scale-free degree distribution , or community structure , reciprocity is a quantitative measure used to study complex networks .
Electromagnetic fields are excited in the cavity by coupling in an RF source with an antenna. When the RF fed by the antenna is the same as that of a cavity mode, the resonant fields build to high amplitudes. Charged particles passing through apertures in the cavity are then accelerated by the electric fields and deflected by the magnetic fields.