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The main reasons for the common use of enzymes in biosensors are: 1) ability to catalyze a large number of reactions; 2) potential to detect a group of analytes (substrates, products, inhibitors, and modulators of the catalytic activity); and 3) suitability with several different transduction methods for detecting the analyte.
Members of this family include oxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H nitroreductase (flavin mononucleotide-dependent nitroreductase) (6,7-dihydropteridine reductase) (EC 1.5.1.34) and NADH dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.99.3). A number of these proteins are described as oxidoreductases.
d -Glucose + 2 [NAD] + + 2 [ADP] + 2 [P] i 2 × Pyruvate 2 × + 2 [NADH] + 2 H + + 2 [ATP] + 2 H 2 O Glycolysis pathway overview The use of symbols in this equation makes it appear unbalanced with respect to oxygen atoms, hydrogen atoms, and charges. Atom balance is maintained by the two phosphate (P i) groups: Each exists in the form of a hydrogen phosphate anion, dissociating to contribute ...
In rat liver, the total amount of NAD + and NADH is approximately 1 μmole per gram of wet weight, about 10 times the concentration of NADP + and NADPH in the same cells. [17] The actual concentration of NAD + in cell cytosol is harder to measure, with recent estimates in animal cells ranging around 0.3 mM , [ 18 ] [ 19 ] and approximately 1.0 ...
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (S)-malate and NADP +, whereas its 3 products are pyruvate, CO 2, and NADPH. Malate is oxidized to pyruvate and CO 2 , and NADP + is reduced to NADPH. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases , to be specific those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD + or NADP + as acceptor.
In biochemistry, NAD(P) + transhydrogenase (Si-specific) (EC 1.6.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. NADPH + NAD + NADP + + NADH. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are NADPH and NAD +, whereas its two products are NADP + and NADH. This enzyme participates in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism.
In enzymology, a nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H] (EC 1.7.1.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. ammonium hydroxide + 3 NAD(P) + + H 2 O nitrite + 3 NAD(P)H + 3 H + The 4 substrates of this enzyme are ammonium hydroxide, NAD +, NADP +, and H 2 O, whereas its 4 products are nitrite, NADH, NADPH, and H +.
The systematic name of this enzyme class is (6S)-6-β-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide hydro-lyase (ATP-hydrolysing; NADH-forming). Other names in common use include reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate dehydratase , ATP-dependent H4NAD(P)+OH dehydratase , (6 S )-β-6-hydroxy-1,4,5,6 ...