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In quantum computing, a qubit (/ ˈ k juː b ɪ t /) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information—the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device. A qubit is a two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system , one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics.
A logical qubit specifies how a single qubit should behave in a quantum algorithm, subject to quantum logic operations which can be built out of quantum logic gates. However, issues in current technologies preclude single two-state quantum systems , which can be used as physical qubits, from reliably encoding and retaining this information for ...
Any quantum computation (which is, in the above formalism, any unitary matrix of size over qubits) can be represented as a network of quantum logic gates from a fairly small family of gates. A choice of gate family that enables this construction is known as a universal gate set , since a computer that can run such circuits is a universal ...
The minimum set of actions that a circuit needs to be able to perform on the qubits to enable quantum computation is known as DiVincenzo's criteria. Circuits are written such that the horizontal axis is time, starting at the left hand side and ending at the right. Horizontal lines are qubits, doubled lines represent classical bits. The items ...
1 ebit + 2 bits 1 qubit (i.e. quantum teleportation), where ⩾ {\displaystyle \geqslant } indicates "can do the job of". These principles were formulated around 1993 by Charles H. Bennett .
Common quantum logic gates by name (including abbreviation), circuit form(s) and the corresponding unitary matrices. In quantum computing and specifically the quantum circuit model of computation, a quantum logic gate (or simply quantum gate) is a basic quantum circuit operating on a small number of qubits.
A quantum bus for superconducting qubits can be built with a resonance cavity.The hamiltonian for a system with qubit A, qubit B, and the resonance cavity or quantum bus connecting the two is ^ = ^ + =, ^ + =, (^ † ^ + ^ ^ +) where ^ = ^ + ^ is the single qubit hamiltonian, ^ + ^ is the raising or lowering operator for creating or destroying excitations in the th qubit, and is controlled by ...
A qutrit (or quantum trit) is a unit of quantum information that is realized by a 3-level quantum system, that may be in a superposition of three mutually orthogonal quantum states. [ 1 ] The qutrit is analogous to the classical radix -3 trit , just as the qubit , a quantum system described by a superposition of two orthogonal states, is ...