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In quantum computing, a qubit (/ ˈ k juː b ɪ t /) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information—the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device. A qubit is a two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system , one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics.
Any quantum computation (which is, in the above formalism, any unitary matrix of size over qubits) can be represented as a network of quantum logic gates from a fairly small family of gates. A choice of gate family that enables this construction is known as a universal gate set , since a computer that can run such circuits is a universal ...
In quantum computers, a qubit is the analog of the classical information bit and qubits can be superposed. [ 11 ] : 13 Unlike classical bits, a superposition of qubits represents information about two states in parallel.
A logical qubit specifies how a single qubit should behave in a quantum algorithm, subject to quantum logic operations which can be built out of quantum logic gates. However, issues in current technologies preclude single two-state quantum systems , which can be used as physical qubits, from reliably encoding and retaining this information for ...
[needs context] Quantum memory is one such field, mapping the quantum state of light onto a group of atoms and then restoring it to its original shape. Quantum memory is a key element in information processing, such as optical quantum computing and quantum communication, while opening a new way for the foundation of light-atom interaction ...
The minimum set of actions that a circuit needs to be able to perform on the qubits to enable quantum computation is known as DiVincenzo's criteria. Circuits are written such that the horizontal axis is time, starting at the left hand side and ending at the right. Horizontal lines are qubits, doubled lines represent classical bits. The items ...
A qubit is a generalization of a bit (a system with two possible states) capable of occupying a quantum superposition of both states. A quantum gate, on the other hand, is a generalization of a logic gate describing the transformation of one or more qubits once a gate is applied given their initial state.
1 ebit + 2 bits 1 qubit (i.e. quantum teleportation), where ⩾ {\displaystyle \geqslant } indicates "can do the job of". These principles were formulated around 1993 by Charles H. Bennett .