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The demurrage sometimes causes a loss to the seller as it increases cost of the total freight. [3] The demurrage fee is often a daily amount agreed between charterers and ship owners. Ideally, the demurrage fee (per day in US dollars) covers the daily time charter rate, daily voyage costs, and the ship owner’s risk premium. [4]
Demurrage in a currency system reduces discount rates, and thus increases the present value of a long-term investment, and thus gives an incentive for such investments. [ 1 ] Unlike inflation , demurrage gradually reduces only the value of currency held: it functions as a negative interest (a tax) on currency held versus inflation that also ...
Californians pay the highest marginal state income tax rate in the country -- 13.3%, according to Tax Foundation data. But California has a graduated tax rate, which means your rate increases with...
At 7.25%, California has the highest minimum statewide sales tax rate in the United States, [8] which can total up to 10.75% with local sales taxes included. [9]Sales and use taxes in California (state and local) are collected by the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration, whereas income and franchise taxes are collected by the Franchise Tax Board.
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California’s state payroll climbed by 8.5% last year, totaling $23.6 billion.
Seigniorage is the positive return, or carry, on issued notes and coins (money in circulation). Demurrage, the opposite, is the cost of holding currency.. An example of an exchange of gold for "paper" where no seigniorage occurs is when a person has one ounce of gold, trades it for a government-issued gold certificate (providing for redemption in one ounce of gold), keeps that certificate for ...
“In 2023, 15-to-44-year-old Californians (to whom we refer as “young adults” in this report) died at a rate of 128 per 100,000 people, compared to just 99 per 100,000 in 2019—