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Intermittent claudication is a symptom and is by definition diagnosed by a patient reporting a history of leg pain with walking relieved by rest. However, as other conditions such as sciatica can mimic intermittent claudication, testing is often performed to confirm the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease .
A medical emergency would ensue if the extremities experience prolonged periods of exposure to the cold, particularly in children and patients with poor general health. [3] However, frostbite differs from acrocyanosis because pain (via thermal nociceptors ) often accompanies the former condition, while the latter is very rarely associated with ...
Patients with PAES are typically healthy young males without previous history of cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or diabetes. [13] Typically, patients present with intermittent claudication that is worsened with exercise and relieved with rest. [3]
The prognosis for patients with peripheral vascular disease due to atherosclerosis is poor; patients with intermittent claudication due to atherosclerosis are at increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease (e.g. heart attack), because the same disease that affects the legs is often present in the arteries of the heart. [8]
Symptoms may also include intermittent claudication or pain at rest. In late stages, paresthesia is replaced by anesthesia (numbness) due to death of nerve cells. [ 11 ] In severe cases, gangrene can occur suddenly and spread rapidly, [ 12 ] and should be treated within six hours of ischaemia.
The risk is low that an individual with claudication will develop severe ischemia and require amputation, but the risk of death from coronary events is three to four times higher than matched controls without claudication. [74] Of patients with intermittent claudication, only "7% will undergo lower-extremity bypass surgery, 4% major amputations ...
Cilostazol, sold under the brand name Pletal among others, is a medication used to help the symptoms of intermittent claudication in peripheral vascular disease. [2] If no improvement is seen after 3 months, stopping the medication is reasonable. [3] It may also be used to prevent stroke. [2] It is taken by mouth. [2]
Critical limb ischemia is diagnosed by the presence of ischemic rest pain, and an ulcers that will not heal or gangrene due to insufficient blood flow. [3] Insufficient blood flow may be confirmed by ankle-brachial index (ABI), ankle pressure, toe-brachial index (TBI), toe systolic pressure, transcutaneous oxygen measurement (TcpO2 ), or skin perfusion pressure (SPP).