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Intermittent claudication is a symptom and is by definition diagnosed by a patient reporting a history of leg pain with walking relieved by rest. However, as other conditions such as sciatica can mimic intermittent claudication, testing is often performed to confirm the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease .
The risk is low that an individual with claudication will develop severe ischemia and require amputation, but the risk of death from coronary events is three to four times higher than matched controls without claudication. [74] Of patients with intermittent claudication, only "7% will undergo lower-extremity bypass surgery, 4% major amputations ...
Critical limb ischemia is diagnosed by the presence of ischemic rest pain, and an ulcers that will not heal or gangrene due to insufficient blood flow. [3] Insufficient blood flow may be confirmed by ankle-brachial index (ABI), ankle pressure, toe-brachial index (TBI), toe systolic pressure, transcutaneous oxygen measurement (TcpO2 ), or skin perfusion pressure (SPP).
The prognosis for patients with peripheral vascular disease due to atherosclerosis is poor; patients with intermittent claudication due to atherosclerosis are at increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease (e.g. heart attack), because the same disease that affects the legs is often present in the arteries of the heart. [8]
Symptoms: The symptoms are caused by ischemia of the tissues. Intermittent claudication is manifested by pain, (cramping), numbness, and fatigue in the muscles on exercise. These symptoms are relieved by rest. There may be “rest pain” at night when in bed.
Patients with PAES are typically healthy young males without previous history of cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or diabetes. [13] Typically, patients present with intermittent claudication that is worsened with exercise and relieved with rest. [3]
Next, thrust in an inward and upward motion on the diaphragm. This will force air out of the lungs and remove the blockage. Repeat these abdominal thrusts up to five times, the doctor advised.
Symptoms may also include intermittent claudication or pain at rest. In late stages, paresthesia is replaced by anesthesia (numbness) due to death of nerve cells. [ 11 ] In severe cases, gangrene can occur suddenly and spread rapidly, [ 12 ] and should be treated within six hours of ischaemia.