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Among sailing craft, the windward vessel is normally the more maneuverable. For this reason, rule 12 of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, applying to sailing vessels, stipulates that where two are sailing in similar directions in relation to the wind, the windward vessel gives way to the leeward vessel. [4]
To someone on a vessel, the shore to lee of the vessel is the lee shore, and since that is the shore the wind reaches first, to someone on the shore it is the windward shore. "Lee" historically means "shelter". Standing on the leeward side of the vessel, a sailor observes being blown towards an exposed shoreline by the wind.
Aweather: toward the weather or windward side of a ship. [10] Aweigh: just clear of the sea floor, as with an anchor. [11] Below: a lower deck of the ship. [1] Belowdecks: inside or into a ship, or down to a lower deck. [12] Bilge: the underwater part of a ship between the flat of the bottom and the vertical topsides [13]
Conversely, a boat on an upwind course may find itself trapped in the dirty air of a boat immediately to windward. Right-of-way rules give priority to the leeward boat and can make it advantageous to be the boat without the weather gage, especially just before the start or when the boat to leeward can point higher into the wind.
The stagnation streamlines (red) delineate air passing to the leeward side (top) from that passing to the windward (bottom) side of the sail. Sails allow progress of a sailing craft to windward, thanks to their ability to generate lift (and the craft's ability to resist the lateral forces that result).
At all times a fleet advancing from windward was liable to injury in spars, even if the leeward fleet did not deliberately aim at them. The leeward ships would be leaning away from the wind, and their shot would always have a tendency to fly high. So long as the assailant remained to windward, the ships to leeward could always slip off. [7]
The side of a ship toward the wind is called the "weather" or "upwind" side; away, the "lee" or "downwind" side (refer to Windward and leeward). Much has been made of the tactics of various great sailing captains, but the greatest constraints come from wind direction and relative position.
Each hull of a multihull vessel can be narrower than that of a monohull with the same displacement [32] and long, narrow hulls, a multihull typically produces very small bow waves and wakes, a consequence of a favorable Froude number. [33] [34] [35] Vessels with beamy hulls (typically monohulls) normally create a large bow wave and wake. Such a ...