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Phase-contrast microscopy (PCM) is an optical microscopy technique that converts phase shifts in light passing through a transparent specimen to brightness changes in the image. Phase shifts themselves are invisible, but become visible when shown as brightness variations.
Micrasterias furcata imaged in transmitted DIC microscopy Laser-induced optical damage in LiNbO 3 under 150× Nomarski microscopy. Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, also known as Nomarski interference contrast (NIC) or Nomarski microscopy, is an optical microscopy technique used to enhance the contrast in unstained, transparent samples.
This effect can be transformed by phase contrast microscopes into amplitude differences that are observable in the eyepieces and are depicted effectively as darker or brighter areas of the resultant image. [citation needed] Phase contrast is used extensively in optical microscopy, in both biological and geological sciences.
In electron microscopy: Phase-contrast imaging. More sophisticated techniques will show proportional differences in optical density. Phase contrast is a widely used technique that shows differences in refractive index as difference in contrast.
The effect of the contrast transfer function can be seen in the alternating light and dark rings (Thon rings), which show the relation between contrast and spatial frequency. The contrast transfer function (CTF) mathematically describes how aberrations in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) modify the image of a sample.
Many older microscopes house these elements in a turret-type condenser, these elements are housed in a turret below the condenser lens and rotated into place. Specialised condensers are also used as part of Differential Interference Contrast and Hoffman Modulation Contrast systems, which aim to improve contrast and visibility of transparent ...
Quantitative phase contrast microscopy or quantitative phase imaging are the collective names for a group of microscopy methods that quantify the phase shift that occurs when light waves pass through a more optically dense object. [1] [2] Translucent objects, like a living human cell, absorb and scatter small amounts of light.
Like differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC microscopy), contrast is increased by using components in the light path which convert phase gradients in the specimen into differences in light intensity that are rendered in an image that appears three-dimensional. The 3D appearance may be misleading, as a feature which appears to cast a ...
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