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Simplified diagram of the Hybrid sulfur cycle. The hybrid sulfur cycle (HyS) is a two-step water-splitting process intended to be used for hydrogen production.Based on sulfur oxidation and reduction, it is classified as a hybrid thermochemical cycle because it uses an electrochemical (instead of a thermochemical) reaction for one of the two steps.
Simplified diagram of the Copper–Chlorine cycle. The copper–chlorine cycle (Cu–Cl cycle) is a four-step thermochemical cycle for the production of hydrogen. The Cu–Cl cycle is a hybrid process that employs both thermochemical and electrolysis steps. It has a maximum temperature requirement of about 530 degrees Celsius. [1]
2 H 2 SO 4 2 SO 2 + 2 H 2 O + O 2 (830 °C (1,530 °F)) The water, SO 2 and residual H 2 SO 4 must be separated from the oxygen byproduct by condensation. 2 HI I 2 + H 2 (450 °C (840 °F)) Iodine and any accompanying water or SO 2 are separated by condensation, and the hydrogen product remains as a gas. Net reaction: 2 H 2 O → 2 H 2 + O 2
High pressure electrolysis is the electrolysis of water by decomposition of water (H 2 O) into oxygen (O 2) and hydrogen gas (H 2) by means of an electric current being passed through the water. The difference with a standard electrolyzer is the compressed hydrogen output around 120–200 bar (1740–2900 psi , 12–20 MPa ). [ 146 ]
An electrolytic process is the use of electrolysis industrially to refine metals or compounds at a high purity and low cost. Some examples are the Hall-Héroult process [1] used for aluminium, or the production of hydrogen from water.
Electrolysis: Excess electricity powers an electrolyzer, which splits water (H2O) into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) through electrolysis. This step occurs continuously, allowing for the steady production of hydrogen. Hydrogen Storage: The produced hydrogen is stored in tanks or underground reservoirs to be used later when needed.
In other parts of the world, the price of SMR hydrogen is between $1–3/kg on average. This makes production of hydrogen via electrolysis cost competitive in many regions already, as outlined by Nel Hydrogen [77] and others, including an article by the IEA [78] examining the conditions which could lead to a competitive advantage for electrolysis.
High-temperature electrolysis schema. Decarbonization of Economy via hydrogen produced from HTE. High-temperature electrolysis (also HTE or steam electrolysis, or HTSE) is a technology for producing hydrogen from water at high temperatures or other products, such as iron or carbon nanomaterials, as higher energy lowers needed electricity to split molecules and opens up new, potentially better ...