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Vasa praevia or vasa previa is a complication of obstetrics in which fetal blood vessels cross or run near the internal opening of the uterus.Since these vessels are not protected by the umbilical cord or placental tissue, the rupture of the fetal membranes during birth causes them also to rupture, leading rapidly to death of the fetus.
As the amniotic fluid embolism progresses the final stage before cardiovascular collapse involves hemorrhaging or large volume blood loss. [5] This leads to the over activation of the coagulation cascade creating an over production of blood clots with the inability to be broken down resulting in DIC or Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation. [4 ...
Telangiectasias (from tel- ' end ' angi- ' blood vessel ' and ectasia ' the expansion of a hollow or tubular organ '), also known as spider veins, are small dilated blood vessels [1] that can occur near the surface of the skin or mucous membranes, measuring between 0.5 and 1 millimeter in diameter. [2]
These are normal physiological adaptations that cause changes in behavior, the functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, metabolism including increases in blood sugar levels, kidney function, posture, and breathing. During pregnancy numerous hormones and proteins are secreted that also have a broad range of effects.
A vascular anomaly is a localized defect in blood vessels or lymph vessels. These defects are characterized by an increased number of vessels, and vessels that are both enlarged and heavily curved. Some vascular anomalies are congenital, others appear within weeks to years after birth, and others are acquired by trauma or during pregnancy ...
Vessel rupture is very likely in the event of a membranous rupture as foetal blood vessels aren't protected by the umbilical cord of the placenta. In the event of foetal vessel rupture, antepartum haemorrhaging occurs however blood is lost from the foetal blood supply. If the foetus is developed enough caesarean sections are often recommended. [17]
The vessels are hence normally protected by Wharton's jelly, which prevents rupture during pregnancy and labor. [10] In velamentous cord insertion, the vessels of the umbilical cord are improperly inserted in the chorioamniotic membrane, and hence the vessels traverse between the amnion and the chorion towards the placenta.
Occasionally, during pregnancy, there is a single umbilical artery (SUA) present in the umbilical cord, as opposed to the usual two. [1] This is sometimes also called a two-vessel umbilical cord, or two-vessel cord. Approximately, this affects between 1 in 100 and 1 in 500 pregnancies, making it the most common umbilical abnormality.