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Autoimmune diseases can result in systemic or localized symptoms, depending on the given disease. [8] Typical systemic symptoms include fevers, fatigue, muscle aches, joint pain, and rashes; these can be seen in diseases such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. Other autoimmune diseases have localized effects on specific organ or tissue types.
A hormone (from the Greek participle ὁρμῶν, "setting in motion") is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs or tissues by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior. [1] Hormones are required for the correct development of animals, plants and fungi. Due to the broad ...
An average of 80% of women wear the wrong bra size, [13] and mothers who are preparing to nurse can benefit from a professional bra fitting from a lactation consultant. [12] Once the baby is born, after the initial stage of breastfeeding with colostrum , the mother will experience her breasts filling with milk (sometimes referred to as "the ...
The major causes in humans are: Graves' disease. An autoimmune disease (usually, the most common cause with 50–80% worldwide, although this varies substantially with location- i.e., 47% in Switzerland (Horst et al., 1987) to 90% in the USA (Hamburger et al. 1981)). Thought to be due to varying levels of iodine in the diet. [25]
Among identical twins, if one is affected there is a 24% chance the other one will also develop the disease. [1] Female sex hormones, sunlight, smoking, vitamin D deficiency, and certain infections are also believed to increase a person's risk. [5] The mechanism involves an immune response by autoantibodies against a person's own tissues. [1]
Endogenous thyroid hormone levels may fluctuate, particularly early in the disease. [78] This can be due to a number of factors including destructive thyrotoxicosis (autoimmune attacks on the thyroid resulting in rises in thyroid hormone levels as thyroid hormones leak out of the damaged tissues). [ 20 ]
Thyroid disease is a medical condition that affects the function of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck and produces thyroid hormones [1] that travel through the blood to help regulate many other organs, meaning that it is an endocrine organ. These hormones normally act in the body to regulate energy use ...
Hyperparathyroidism is an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in the blood. [1] [4] This occurs from a disorder either within the parathyroid glands (primary hyperparathyroidism) or as response to external stimuli (secondary hyperparathyroidism). [1]