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Artist's impression of an Orbital from the "Culture" setting of Iain M. Banks. A Bishop Ring [1] is a type of hypothetical rotating space habitat originally proposed in 1997 by Forrest Bishop of the Institute of Atomic-Scale Engineering. [2] The concept is a smaller scale version of the Banks Orbital, which itself is a smaller version of the ...
An orbital ring is a concept of an artificial ring placed around a body and set rotating at such a rate that the apparent centrifugal force is large enough to counteract the force of gravity. For the Earth , the required speed is on the order of 10 km/sec, compared to a typical low Earth orbit velocity of 8 km/sec.
One of the main types of habitats of the Culture, an orbital is a ring structure orbiting a star as would a megastructure akin to a bigger Bishop ring. Unlike a ringworld or a Dyson sphere, an orbital does not enclose the star (being much too small). Like a ringworld, the orbital rotates to provide an analog of gravity on the inner surface.
A Ring World is a megastructure added in the Utopia expansion, offering a solar-system sized habitat equivalent to four massive habitable planets. A Matter Decompressor is a megastructure added in the Megacorp expansion to the game and allows the owner to harvest massive amounts of minerals from the cores of Black Holes.
In Iain M. Banks' fictional Culture universe, an Orbital is a purpose-built space habitat forming a ring typically around 3 million km (1.9 million miles) in diameter. The rotation of the ring simulates both gravity and a day-night cycle comparable to a planetary body orbiting a star.
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A Stanford torus interior (cutaway view) Interior view of a large scale O'Neill cylinder, showing alternating land and window stripes. A space settlement (also called a space habitat, space stead, space city or space colony) is a settlement in outer space, sustaining more extensively habitation facilities in space than a general space station or spacecraft.
McKendree cylinders are a type of habitat in the fictional universe of the Orion's Arm world-building project, but scaled up to the theoretical limits of carbon nanotubes: 1,000 km in radius and 10,000 km long, containing 63 million km 2 (24 million sq mi) of living space—greater than the continent of Eurasia.