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Radar is a system that uses radio waves to determine the distance (), direction (azimuth and elevation angles), and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It is a radiodetermination method [1] used to detect and track aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, map weather formations, and terrain.
Radar range and wavelength can be adapted for different surveys of bird and insect migration and daily habits. They can have other uses too in the biological field. "MERLIN Avian Radar System for Bird Activity Monitoring and Mortality Risk Mitigation" (PDF). Insect radar. Surveillance radar (mostly X and S band, i.e. primary ATC Radars)
Basic radar transmission frequency spectrum 3D Doppler Radar Spectrum showing a Barker Code of 13. Basic Fourier analysis shows that any repetitive complex signal consists of a number of harmonically related sine waves. The radar pulse train is a form of square wave, the pure
For radar wavelengths much less than the diameter of the sphere, RCS is independent of frequency. Conversely, a square flat plate of area 1 m 2 will have an RCS of σ = 4π A 2 / λ 2 (where A=area, λ=wavelength), or 139.62 m 2 at 1 GHz if the radar is perpendicular to the flat surface. [2]
It is different from passive remote sensing, the most common type, as the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is produced by the emitters and they transmit radiation at radio wavelengths (i.e. from around 1 cm to several meters) and sensors use the measured return to infer properties of the Earth's surface. radar remote sensing uses long-wavelength ...
Microwaves are the main wavelengths used in radar, and are used for satellite communication, and wireless networking technologies such as Wi-Fi. The copper cables ( transmission lines ) which are used to carry lower-frequency radio waves to antennas have excessive power losses at microwave frequencies, and metal pipes called waveguides are used ...
Millimeter wave fire control radar for CIWS gun on Soviet aircraft carrier Minsk, Russia. Millimeter wave radar is used in short-range fire-control radar in tanks and aircraft, and automated guns on naval ships to shoot down incoming missiles. The small wavelength of millimeter waves allows them to track the stream of outgoing bullets as well ...
If the radar wavelength is roughly twice the size of the target, a half-wave resonance effect can still generate a significant return. However, low-frequency radar is limited by shortage of unused frequencies, lack of accuracy given the long wavelength, and by the radar's size, making it difficult to transport and making for an easy target.