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The Chechens (/ ˈ tʃ ɛ tʃ ɛ n z, tʃ ə ˈ tʃ ɛ n z / CHETCH-enz, chə-CHENZ; [20] Chechen: Нохчий, Noxçiy, Old Chechen: Нахчой, Naxçoy), historically also known as Kisti and Durdzuks, [21] are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples native to the North Caucasus. [22]
The Chechen diaspora (Chechen: Нохчийн диаспора, romanized: Noxçiyn diaspora) is a term used to collectively describe the communities of Chechen people who live outside of Chechnya; this includes Chechens who live in other parts of Russia.
Many Chechens and Ingush sold their homes and belongings, and quit their jobs to be able to return. [110] A renewed ethnic conflict between Chechens and Russians was also on the rise. The Russians, angered by issues over land ownership and job competition, rioted as early as 1958. [104]
The Chechens and Ingush were allowed to return to their land after 1956 during de-Stalinisation under Nikita Khrushchev [30] when the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was restored but with both the boundaries and ethnic composition of the territory significantly changed.
The first Chechen settlers arrived in the U.S. in the 1950s and 1960s. They are a small minority group with a population numbering only several hundred, as of 2013. Exact statistics are difficult to obtain because Chechens are categorized as Russians in asylee reports.
Chechnya was first incorporated as a whole into the Russian Empire in 1859 after the decades-long Caucasian War.Tsarist rule was marked by a transition into modern times, including the formation (or re-formation) of a Chechen bourgeoisie, the emergence of social movements, reorientation of the Chechen economy towards oil, heavy ethnic discrimination at the expense of Chechens and others in ...
In the 1926 Soviet Census, there were 1,891 Kists in the Georgian SSR and they were classified together with the Ingush proper as single ethnicity (Ingush) whose native language was classified as Chechen. [12] [13] [14] In the 1939 census the Kistins were classified as Chechens and there were 2,433 of them in the Georgian SSR. [15]
The Chechen genocide [12] refers to the mass casualties suffered by the Chechen people since the beginning of the Chechen–Russian conflict in the 18th century. [13] [14] The term has no legal effect, [15] although the European Parliament recognized the 1944 forced deportation of the Chechens, which killed around a third of the total Chechen population, as an act of genocide in 2004. [16]