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Pelvimetry is the measurement of the female pelvis. [1] It can theoretically identify cephalo-pelvic disproportion, which is when the capacity of the pelvis is inadequate to allow the fetus to negotiate the birth canal. However, clinical evidence indicate that all pregnant women should be allowed a trial of labor regardless of pelvimetry results.
HSG test to know the blockage of the fallopian tubes. Hysterosalpingography (HSG), also known as uterosalpingography, [1] is a radiologic procedure to investigate the shape of the uterine cavity and the shape and patency of the fallopian tubes. It is a special x-ray procedure using dye to look at the womb and fallopian tubes. [2]
It refers to the position of a penis as it relates to pathology on an X-ray of a pelvis. When the penis (visible on the X-ray as a shadow) points towards the same side as a unilateral medical condition such as a broken bone, this is considered a "positive John Thomas sign," and if the shadow points to the other side, it is a "negative John ...
At this point of the pelvic exam, the examiner will insert the speculum to visualize other internal structures: the cervix, uterus, and ovaries. [20] [21] If this is the first pelvic exam of the patient, the examiner will show the speculum to the patient, explain its use and answer any questions. The appropriate sized speculum is selected. [20]
uses ultrasound to produce images from within the body; video link: X-ray: uses X-rays to produce images of structures within the body; video link: Contrast media for X-rays: to provide a high contrast image of the details of the viscera under study; e.g. salts of heavy metals, gas like air, radio-opaque dyes, organic iodides, etc ...
Using a urinary catheter, radiocontrast is instilled in the bladder, and X-ray imaging is performed. Cystography can be used to evaluate bladder cancer, vesicoureteral reflux, bladder polyps, and hydronephrosis. It requires less radiation than pelvic CT, although it is less sensitive and specific than MRI or CT.
Fluoroscopic spot images and videos are taken during the micturition phase to detect any reflux. The lower ureter is best seen on an anterior oblique position. In males, peeing should be done in oblique or lateral positions to visualise the whole of urethra. Finally, the whole abdomen is imaged to detect any undetected reflux in previous images.
An injection of X-ray contrast medium is given to a patient via a needle or cannula into the vein, [7] typically in the antecubital fossa of arm. The contrast is excreted or removed from the bloodstream via the kidneys, and the contrast media becomes visible on X-rays almost immediately after injection.