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  2. Flash-gas (refrigeration) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash-gas_(refrigeration)

    The incorporation of a subcooling stage after the receiver reduces even more the chances to observe flash gas. [5] This subcooling may be done in a reserved portion of the main condenser, or separately with a heat exchanger. Some receivers may incorporate an internal heat exchanger that draws heat form the subcooled liquid to superheat the gas ...

  3. Subcooling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcooling

    The term subcooling (also called undercooling) refers to the intentional process of cooling a liquid below its normal boiling point. For example, water boils at 373 K; at room temperature (293 K) liquid water is termed "subcooled". Subcooling is a common stage in refrigeration cycles and steam turbine cycles.

  4. Supercooling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercooling

    It is possible, at a given pressure, to superheat a liquid above its boiling point without it becoming gaseous. Supercooling should not be confused with freezing-point depression. Supercooling is the cooling of a liquid below its freezing point without it becoming solid.

  5. Superheated water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheated_water

    Water is a polar molecule, where the centers of positive and negative charge are separated; so molecules will align with an electric field.The extensive hydrogen bonded network in water tends to oppose this alignment, and the degree of alignment is measured by the relative permittivity.

  6. Superheating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheating

    Superheating can occur when an undisturbed container of water is heated in a microwave oven.At the time the container is removed, the lack of nucleation sites prevents boiling, leaving the surface calm.

  7. Critical heat flux - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_heat_flux

    The convective heat transfer between a uniformly heated wall and the working fluid is described by Newton's law of cooling: = where represents the heat flux, represents the proportionally constant called the heat transfer coefficient, represents the wall temperature and represents the fluid temperature.

  8. Heat pump and refrigeration cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_pump_and...

    Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. [1] A heat pump is a mechanical system that transmits heat from one location (the "source") at a certain temperature to another location (the "sink" or "heat sink") at a higher temperature. [2]

  9. Superheated steam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheated_steam

    Superheated steam was widely used in main line steam locomotives. Saturated steam has three main disadvantages in a steam engine: it contains small droplets of water which have to be periodically drained from the cylinders; being precisely at the boiling point of water for the boiler pressure in use, it inevitably condenses to some extent in the steam pipes and cylinders outside the boiler ...