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Buttered cat paradox: Humorous example of a paradox from contradicting proverbs. Intentionally blank page: Many documents contain pages on which the text "This page intentionally left blank" is printed, thereby making the page not blank. Metabasis paradox: Conflicting definitions of what is the best kind of tragedy in Aristotle's Poetics.
In literature, the paradox is an anomalous juxtaposition of incongruous ideas for the sake of striking exposition or unexpected insight. It functions as a method of literary composition and analysis that involves examining apparently contradictory statements and drawing conclusions either to reconcile them or to explain their presence.
One example occurs in the liar paradox, which is commonly formulated as the self-referential statement "This statement is false". [16] Another example occurs in the barber paradox, which poses the question of whether a barber who shaves all and only those who do not shave themselves will shave himself. In this paradox, the barber is a self ...
Quine's paradox is a paradox concerning truth values, stated by Willard Van Orman Quine. [1] It is related to the liar paradox as a problem, and it purports to show that a sentence can be paradoxical even if it is not self-referring and does not use demonstratives or indexicals (i.e. it does not explicitly refer to itself). The paradox can be ...
Since Jaakko Hintikka's seminal treatment of the problem, [7] it has become standard to present Moore's paradox by explaining why it is absurd to assert sentences that have the logical form: "P and NOT(I believe that P)" or "P and I believe that NOT-P." Philosophers refer to these, respectively, as the omissive and commissive versions of Moore's paradox.
Trying to assign a truth value to either of them leads to a paradox. If the first statement is true, then so is the second. But if the second statement is true, then the first statement is false. It follows that if the first statement is true, then the first statement is false. If the first statement is false, then the second is false, too.
A paradox arising from the assumption that if a statement is true, then it is possible to know that it is true, leading to contradictions in certain epistemic frameworks. knower's paradox A paradox related to self-reference and epistemic logic, typically involving a statement that claims its own unprovability or unknowability. Kreisel-Putnam logic
Curry's paradox uses a particular kind of self-referential conditional sentence, as demonstrated in this example: If this sentence is true, then Germany borders China. Even though Germany does not border China , the example sentence certainly is a natural-language sentence, and so the truth of that sentence can be analyzed.