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A handmade soap bar Two equivalent images of the chemical structure of sodium stearate, a typical ingredient found in bar soaps Emulsifying action of soap on oil. Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. [1]
Typically aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions are used. [1] [2] It is an important type of alkaline hydrolysis. When the carboxylate is long chain, its salt is called a soap. The saponification of ethyl acetate gives sodium acetate and ethanol: C 2 H 5 O 2 CCH 3 + NaOH → C 2 H 5 OH + NaO 2 CCH 3
[10] [11] Sodium hydroxide is frequently used in the process of decomposing roadkill dumped in landfills by animal disposal contractors. [8] Due to its low cost and easy availability, it has also been used to dispose of corpses by criminals. Italian serial killer Leonarda Cianciulli used this chemical to turn dead bodies into soap. [12]
Sodium hydroxide is traditionally used in soap making (cold process soap, saponification). [42] It was made in the nineteenth century for a hard surface rather than liquid product because it was easier to store and transport.
The process for making glycerin soaps was well known as of 1857 in the Western world. [2] In modern industrial soap-making, the glycerin is usually separated from the soap to be resold and used in a wide variety of areas such as for personal care products, pharmaceuticals, chemical intermediates, and food processing.
Grease generally consists of a soap emulsified with mineral or vegetable oil. A common feature of greases is that they possess high initial viscosities , which upon the application of shear, drop to give the effect of an oil-lubricated bearing of approximately the same viscosity as the base oil used in the grease.
Bar of carbolic soap, demonstrating the rich red colour that gives the soap its alternative name, red soap. Carbolic soap, sometimes referred to as red soap, is a mildly antiseptic soap containing carbolic acid (phenol) and/or cresylic acid (cresol), both of which are phenols derived from either coal tar or petroleum sources.
Aluminium soaps are used as thickening agents, in the production of cosmetics. [1] Other examples include mixed calcium/zinc soaps which are used as heat stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride. Soaps of iron, cobalt and manganese are used as drying agents in paints and varnishes and work by promoting the oxidation and crosslinking of unsaturated ...
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