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  2. Trachtenberg system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachtenberg_system

    Some of the algorithms Trachtenberg developed are ones for general multiplication, division and addition. Also, the Trachtenberg system includes some specialised methods for multiplying small numbers between 5 and 13. The section on addition demonstrates an effective method of checking calculations that can also be applied to multiplication.

  3. Addition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition

    Addition (usually signified ... Blaise Pascal invented the mechanical calculator in 1642; [44] ... So the following method is commonly used for defining integers.

  4. Carry (arithmetic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carry_(arithmetic)

    Some machines, notably Pascal's calculator, the second known calculator to be built, and the oldest surviving, use a different method: incrementing the digit from 0 to 9, cocks a mechanical device to store energy, and the next increment, which moves the digit from 9 to 0, releases this energy to increment the next digit by 1. Pascal used ...

  5. Chisanbop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisanbop

    With the chisanbop method it is possible to represent all numbers from 0 to 99 with the hands, rather than the usual 0 to 10, and to perform the addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of numbers. [4] The system has been described as being easier to use than a physical abacus for students with visual impairments. [5]

  6. Standard addition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_addition

    In classic polarography, the standard addition method involves creating two samples – one sample without any spikes, and another one with spikes.By comparing the current measured from two samples, the amount of analyte in the unknown is determined. [1]

  7. Calculator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculator

    The fundamental difference between a calculator and computer is that a computer can be programmed in a way that allows the program to take different branches according to intermediate results, while calculators are pre-designed with specific functions (such as addition, multiplication, and logarithms) built in.

  8. Pascal's calculator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal's_calculator

    Pascal's calculator (also known as the arithmetic machine or Pascaline) is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. Pascal was led to develop a calculator by the laborious arithmetical calculations required by his father's work as the supervisor of taxes in Rouen . [ 2 ]

  9. Elementary arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_arithmetic

    Example of addition with carry. The black numbers are the addends, the green number is the carry, and the blue number is the sum. In the rightmost digit, the addition of 9 and 7 is 16, carrying 1 into the next pair of the digit to the left, making its addition 1 + 5 + 2 = 8. Therefore, 59 + 27 = 86.