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Examples of epithelial dysplasia include cervical intraepithelial neoplasia – a disorder commonly detected by an abnormal pap smear) consisting of an increased population of immature (basal-like) cells which are restricted to the mucosal surface, and have not invaded through the basement membrane to the deeper soft tissues.
In normal epithelial tissues, epithelial cells, or parenchymal cells of epithelia, are highly organized, polar cells. [5] These cells are separated from stromal cells by a basement membrane that prevents these cell populations from mixing. [5] A mixture of these cell types is recognized, normally, as a wound, as in the example of a cut to the ...
"Dyskaryosis" is a term used for all squamous mucosal surfaces and commonly used for the uterine cervix condition in which some of the epithelial cells near the external orifice show abnormalities in their cellular nuclei. These changes are often quite subtle; often seen as temporary changes between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five.
This system provides a uniform way to describe abnormal epithelial cells and determine specimen quality, thus providing clear guidance for clinical management. These abnormalities were classified as squamous or glandular and then further classified by the stage of dysplasia: atypical cells, mild, moderate, severe, and carcinoma. [13]
The cells on the 'outside' of the cervix are typically squamous epithelial cells. Where the two cells meet is called the transformation zone, also known as the stratified squamous epithelium. Cervical ectropion can be grossly indistinguishable from early cervical cancer and must be evaluated by a physician to determine risks and prognosis.
Micrograph showing navicular cell in extremely high magnification. Navicular cell is a boat-shaped benign epithelial cell seen in Pap smear. [1] They are seen in pregnancy (most prominently during smears taken in the second trimester), [2] second half of menstrual cycle, during menopause and in women using medroxyprogesterone acetate (depo-provera) for contraception.
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), or non-small-cell lung carcinoma, is any type of epithelial lung cancer other than small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC accounts for about 85% of all lung cancers. [1] [2] [3] As a class, NSCLCs are relatively insensitive to chemotherapy, compared to small-cell carcinoma.
For example, a lipoma is a common benign tumor of fat cells , and a chondroma is a benign tumor of cartilage-forming cells (chondrocytes). Adenomas are benign tumors of gland-forming cells, and are usually specified further by their cell or organ of origin, as in hepatic adenoma (a benign tumor of hepatocytes, or liver cells).