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The legislative process begins with the introduction of a bill in either house of Parliament, i.e. the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha. A bill can be introduced either by a minister or by a private member. In the former case it is known as a government bill and in the latter case it is known as a private member's bill.
The implementation of the Women's Reservation Bill, also known as the Constitution 108th Amendment Bill of 2008, is imperative for contemporary Indian society. [9] This legislation has encountered six unsuccessful attempts to get cleared since its initial introduction in 1996.
The bill was approved by the cabinet on 2 July 2009. [10] Rajya Sabha passed the bill on 20 July 2009 [11] and the Lok Sabha on 4 August 2009. [12] It received Presidential assent and was notified as law on 26 August 2009 [13] as The Children's Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act. [14]
The bill was passed by the Rajya Sabha on 3 August 2016, and the amended bill was passed by the Lok Sabha on 8 August 2016. [6] The bill, after ratification by the States, received assent from President Pranab Mukherjee on 8 September 2016, [7] [8] and was notified in The Gazette of India on the same date. [9]
An amendment of the Constitution can be initiated only by the introduction of a Bill in either House of Parliament. The Bill must then be passed in each House by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting. [3] This is known as special majority.
The bill was hotly debated before its introduction in Parliament and after it was introduced in Parliament. It was introduced into India's parliament on 22 December 2011, promulgated as a presidential ordinance on 5 July 2013, and enacted into law on 12 September 2013.
The Constitution of India is the supreme legal document of India. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The document lays down the framework that demarcates fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights , directive principles , and the duties of citizens.
The bill received assent from the President Ram Nath Kovind on 9 August, and was notified in The Gazette of India on the same date. [6] The Act came into effect by 20 July 2020, while certain other provisions of the Act like establishing the Central Consumer Protection Authority came into effect from 24 July 2020. [7] [8]