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The Ii antigen system is a human blood group system based upon a gene on chromosome 6 and consisting of the I antigen and the i antigen. [1] The I antigen is normally present on the cell membrane of red blood cells in all adults, while the i antigen is present in fetuses and newborns. [2]
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In some cells, antigens bind to recycled MHC class II molecules while they are in the early endosomes, while other cells such as dendritic cells internalize antigens via receptor-mediated endocytosis and create MHC class II molecules plus peptide in the endosomal-lysosomal antigen processing compartment which is independent of the synthesis of ...
MHC pentamers have been used in the detection of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in flow cytometry, [12] and are cited in over 750 peer reviewed publications , including several in the journals Nature [22] and Science. [23] [24] MHC pentamers can also be used in tissue staining, [25] and in magnetic isolation of antigen-specific T cells. [26]
Peptide-MHC-II complexes (pMHC-II) are transported to the plasma membrane and the processed antigen is presented to the helper T cells in the lymph nodes. [ 9 ] APCs undergo a process of maturation while migrating, via chemotactic signals, to lymphoid tissues, in which they lose the phagocytic capacity and develop an increased ability to ...
Professional APCs specialize in presenting antigens to T cells. [5] They are very efficient at internalizing antigens, either by phagocytosis (e.g. macrophages), or by receptor-mediated endocytosis (B cells), processing the antigen into peptide fragments and then displaying those peptides (bound to a class II MHC molecule) on their membrane. [1]
Immunological memory is the ability of the immune system to quickly and specifically recognize an antigen that the body has previously encountered and initiate a corresponding immune response. Generally, they are secondary, tertiary and other subsequent immune responses to the same antigen.
HLA-DQ (DQ) is a cell surface receptor protein found on antigen-presenting cells.It is an αβ heterodimer of type MHC class II.The α and β chains are encoded by two loci, HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1, that are adjacent to each other on chromosome band 6p21.3.