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The Doppler effect (also Doppler shift) is the change in the frequency of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the source of the wave. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The Doppler effect is named after the physicist Christian Doppler , who described the phenomenon in 1842.
The relativistic Doppler effect is the change in frequency, wavelength and amplitude [1] of light, caused by the relative motion of the source and the observer (as in the classical Doppler effect, first proposed by Christian Doppler in 1842 [2]), when taking into account effects described by the special theory of relativity.
In atomic physics, Doppler broadening is broadening of spectral lines due to the Doppler effect caused by a distribution of velocities of atoms or molecules. Different velocities of the emitting (or absorbing ) particles result in different Doppler shifts, the cumulative effect of which is the emission (absorption) line broadening. [ 1 ]
Therefore, in a laboratory experiment at the surface of the Earth, all gravitational effects should be equivalent to the effects that would have been observed if the laboratory had been accelerating through outer space at g. One consequence is a gravitational Doppler effect. If a light pulse is emitted at the floor of the laboratory, then a ...
The relativistic Doppler effect causes a shift in the frequency f of light originating from a source that is moving in relation to the observer, so that the wave is observed to have frequency f': ′ = /, where v is the velocity of the source in the observer's rest frame, θ is the angle between the velocity vector and the observer-source ...
The rate he can calculate for the image (corrected for Doppler effect) is the rate of the Earth twin's clock at the moment it was sent, not at the moment it was received. Since he receives an unequal number of red and blue shifted images, he should realize that the red and blue shifted emissions were not emitted over equal time periods for the ...
The Doppler temperature is the minimum temperature achievable with Doppler cooling. When a photon is absorbed by an atom counter-propagating to the light source, its velocity is decreased by momentum conservation. When the absorbed photon is spontaneously emitted by the excited atom, the atom receives a momentum kick in a random direction.
Paper 1 (45 raw marks contributing 30% of the course, 1 hour) consists of short-answer and data-based questions. Paper 2 (65 raw marks contributing 50% of the course, 2 hours) consists of: Section A: Candidates are required to analyse and make reasoned and balanced judgements relating to a range of data on a specific unseen case study.