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Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae consist of the process of the last lumbar vertebra fusing with the first sacral segment. [1] While only around 10 percent of adults have a spinal abnormality due to genetics, a sixth lumbar vertebra is one of the more common abnormalities. [2] Sacralization of the L5 vertebra is seen at the lower right of the ...
The reported overall incidence of myelomeningocele in the British Isles was 2.0–3.5 cases per 1000 births. [ 84 ] [ 85 ] Since then, the rate has fallen dramatically with 0.15 per 1000 live births reported in 1998, [ 58 ] though this decline is partially accounted for because some fetuses are aborted when tests show signs of spina bifida (see ...
The conus medullaris (or lower termination of the spinal cord) normally terminates at or above the L1-2 disk space (where L1 is the first, or topmost lumbar vertebra). After about 3 months of age, a conus below the L1-2 disk space may indicate a tethered cord and termination below L3-4 is unmistakably tethered.
In neurology, a lipomyelomeningocele is a type of closed neural tube defect that affects around 3 to 6 babies out of 100,000 births. [1] [2] It is an example of a spinal lipoma, which is a collection of adipose tissue, or fat, that is located at or around the spinal cord.
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disorder that results in the loss of motor neurons and progressive muscle wasting. [3] [4] [5] It is usually diagnosed in infancy or early childhood and if left untreated it is the most common genetic cause of infant death. [6]
BFNS often presents in the first week of life with brief but frequent episodes of tonic-clonic seizures, outside of which a child is completely asymptomatic. [2] [3] [4] During the tonic phase of these seizures, infants may stop breathing and consequently appear blue due to lack of oxygen. Accompanying this is focal or generalized muscle ...
It is a congenital disorder in which the fetal development of the lower spine—the caudal partition of the spine—is abnormal. [1] It occurs at a rate of approximately one per 60,000 live births. [2] Some babies are born with very small differences compared to typical development, and others have significant changes.
Congenital dermal sinus is a tract from the surface layer of the skin, through the deeper tissues into the cranial or spinal cavity. [2] The skin findings of this tract can include: Pit along neuraxis [4] Flat capillary hemangioma [4] Hypertrichosis [2] [3] [4] Skin tag [3] Abnormal pigmentation [2] [3] Subcutaneous lipoma [2] [3] [4]