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Persons with HIV and latent tuberculosis have a 10% chance of developing active tuberculosis every year. "HIV infection is the greatest known risk factor for the progression of latent M. tuberculosis infection to active TB. In many African countries, 30–60% of all new TB cases occur in people with HIV, and TB is the leading cause of death ...
Rifapentine, sold under the brand name Priftin, is an antibiotic used in the treatment of tuberculosis. [2] In active tuberculosis it is used together with other antituberculosis medications . [ 2 ] In latent tuberculosis it is typically used with isoniazid . [ 2 ]
Management of tuberculosis refers to techniques and procedures utilized for treating tuberculosis (TB), or simply a treatment plan for TB.. The medical standard for active TB is a short course treatment involving a combination of isoniazid, rifampicin (also known as Rifampin), pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for the first two months.
Latent TB is treated with either isoniazid or rifampin alone, or a combination of isoniazid with either rifampicin or rifapentine. [140] [141] [142] The treatment takes three to nine months depending on the medications used. [75] [140] [143] [142] People with latent infections are treated to prevent them from progressing to active TB disease ...
It is almost always used together with other antibiotics with two notable exceptions: when given as a "preferred treatment that is strongly recommended" [4] for latent TB infection; and when used as post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b and meningococcal disease in people who have been exposed to those bacteria. [3]
A systematic review of clinical trials on alternative regimens for prevention of active tuberculosis in HIV-negative individuals with latent TB found that a weekly, directly observed regimen of rifapentine with isoniazid for three months was as effective as a daily, self-administered regimen of isoniazid for nine months.
According to the US guidelines, latent tuberculosis infection diagnosis and treatment is considered for any BCG-vaccinated person whose skin test is 10 mm or greater, if any of these circumstances are present: [citation needed] Was in contact with another person with infectious TB; Was born or has lived in a high TB prevalence country
TB exposure No evidence of infection: History of exposure Negative reaction to tuberculin skin test 2: TB infection No disease: Positive reaction to tuberculin skin test Negative bacteriologic studies (if done) No clinical, bacteriologic, or radiographic evidence of TB 3: TB, clinically active: M. tuberculosis cultured (if done)