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The cell nucleus (from Latin nucleus or nuculeus ' kernel, seed '; pl.: nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.Eukaryotic cells usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types, such as mammalian red blood cells, have no nuclei, and a few others including osteoclasts have many.
Nitrosomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, belonging to the Betaproteobacteria.It is one of the five genera of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria [8] and, as an obligate chemolithoautotroph, [9] uses ammonia as an energy source and carbon dioxide as a carbon source in the presence of oxygen.
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane; many cells contain organelles, each with a specific function.
Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells. [1] [2] All living organisms are made of cells.
The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G 1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G 2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes: mitosis, in which the cell's nucleus divides, and cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm and cell membrane divides forming two daughter cells.
Paramecium caudatum [1] is a species of unicellular protist in the phylum Ciliophora. [2] They can reach 0.33 mm in length and are covered with minute hair-like organelles called cilia. [3]
The trophoblast (from Greek trephein: to feed; and blastos: germinator) is the outer layer of cells of the blastocyst.Trophoblasts are present four days after fertilization in humans. [1]
Cell growth refers to an increase in the total mass of a cell, including both cytoplasmic, nuclear and organelle volume. [1] Cell growth occurs when the overall rate of cellular biosynthesis (production of biomolecules or anabolism) is greater than the overall rate of cellular degradation (the destruction of biomolecules via the proteasome, lysosome or autophagy, or catabolism).