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Causal relationships between insecure attachment and mental illness may be complex. [7] [8] [15] Some risk factors for insecure attachment such as loss of parental figure, and sexual or physical abuse, are also risk factors for mental health disorders. [8] Self-report measures of attachment may be biased by mental health conditions.
The Mayo Clinic, a well known U.S. non-profit medical practice and medical research group, cautions against consulting with mental health providers who promote these types of methods and offer evidence to support their techniques; to date, this evidence base is not published within reputable medical or mental health journals. [71]
It assesses the child's generalized attachment pattern, self-protective strategies, pattern of information processing, level and type of risk, and possible unresolved trauma and loss. [60] It was initially developed in 1997 by Crittenden, has been tested in eight research studies, and is considered to provide discriminate validity.
Adult attachment disorder (AAD) develops in adults as the result of an attachment disorder, or reactive attachment disorder, that goes untreated in childhood. It begins with children who were not allowed proper relationships with parents or guardians early in their youth, [ 1 ] or were abused by an adult in their developmental stages in life.
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Series. Jessica Kingsley Publishers London ISBN 1-84310-245-5 OCLC 70663735; Schechter, D.S., Willheim, E. (2009). Disturbances of attachment and parental psychopathology in early childhood. Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health Issue. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinics of North America, 18(3), 665–687.
Disinhibited attachment disorder (DAD) according to the International Classification of Diseases (), is defined as: "A particular pattern of abnormal social functioning that arises during the first five years of life and that tends to persist despite marked changes in environmental circumstances, e.g. diffuse, nonselectively focused attachment behaviour, attention-seeking and indiscriminately ...
Willingness to go off with an unfamiliar adult with minimal or no hesitation [2] The attachment style associated with DSED is disorganized attachment. This attachment style is a combination of anxious and avoidant attachment and participants often have a need for closeness, fear of rejection, and contradictory mental states and behaviors.
The working models of children found in Bowlby's attachment theory form a pattern of interaction that is likely to continue influencing adult relationships. [ 2 ] Investigators have explored the organization and the stability of mental working models that underlie these attachment styles.