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Code that pilot shall set when not receiving air traffic services, unless otherwise prescribed by the competent authority. [12] US: External ARTCC subset. (Block of discrete codes except that xx00 is used as a non-discrete code after all discrete codes are assigned.) [3] Australia
A discrete transponder code (often called a squawk code) is assigned by air traffic controllers to identify an aircraft uniquely in a flight information region (FIR). This allows easy identification of aircraft on radar. [6] [7] Codes are made of four octal digits; the dials on a transponder read from zero to seven, inclusive. Four octal digits ...
Military aircraft also use a dedicated UHF-AM band from 225.0 to 399.95 MHz for air-to-air and air-to-ground, including air traffic control communication. This band has a designated emergency and guard channel of 243.0 MHz. [2] [8] Radio aeronautical navigation aids use other frequencies.
The United States has 22 Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC). [1] They are operated by and are part of the Federal Aviation Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation . An ARTCC controls aircraft flying in a specified region of airspace, known as a flight information region (FIR), typically during the en route portion of flight.
The antenna system of a typical air traffic control radar, the ASR-9. The curved reflector antenna on the bottom is the primary surveillance radar (PSR), and the flat antenna on top of it is the secondary surveillance radar (SSR). In operation the antenna rotates about a vertical axis, sweeping a vertical fan-shaped beam of microwaves around ...
Military mode Civilian mode Description 1: Provides 2-digit 5-bit mission code (cockpit selectable) [1] 2: Provides 4-digit octal unit code (set on ground for fighters, can be changed in flight by transport aircraft) [1] 3: A: Provides a 4-digit octal identification code for the aircraft, set in the cockpit but assigned by the air traffic ...
Have Quick (also HAVEQUICK, short HQ) is an ECM-resistant frequency-hopping system used to protect military aeronautical mobile (OR) radio traffic. Since the end of World War II , U.S. and Allied military aircraft have used AM radios in the NATO harmonised 225–400 MHz UHF band (part of NATO B band [ 1 ] ) for short range air-to-air and ground ...
The aircraft emergency frequency (also known in the USA as Guard) is a frequency used on the aircraft band reserved for emergency communications for aircraft in distress.The frequencies are 121.5 MHz for civilian, also known as International Air Distress (IAD), International Aeronautical Emergency Frequency, [1] or VHF Guard, [1] and 243.0 MHz—the second harmonic of VHF guard—for military ...