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[7] ICAO countries: Code squawked when entering a secondary surveillance radar (SSR) area from a non-SSR area used as uncontrolled IFR flight squawk code. [1] EASA countries: Code that pilot shall set in the absence of ATS instructions related to code setting, unless when not receiving air traffic services. [12] US
A discrete transponder code (often called a squawk code) is assigned by air traffic controllers to identify an aircraft uniquely in a flight information region (FIR). This allows easy identification of aircraft on radar. [6] [7] Codes are made of four octal digits; the dials on a transponder read from zero to seven, inclusive. Four octal digits ...
Military aircraft also use a dedicated UHF-AM band from 225.0 to 399.95 MHz for air-to-air and air-to-ground, including air traffic control communication. This band has a designated emergency and guard channel of 243.0 MHz. [2] [8] Radio aeronautical navigation aids use other frequencies.
Military mode Civilian mode Description 1: Provides 2-digit 5-bit mission code (cockpit selectable) [1] 2: Provides 4-digit octal unit code (set on ground for fighters, can be changed in flight by transport aircraft) [1] 3: A: Provides a 4-digit octal identification code for the aircraft, set in the cockpit but assigned by the air traffic ...
The antenna system of a typical air traffic control radar, the ASR-9. The curved reflector antenna on the bottom is the primary surveillance radar (PSR), and the flat antenna on top of it is the secondary surveillance radar (SSR). In operation the antenna rotates about a vertical axis, sweeping a vertical fan-shaped beam of microwaves around ...
Air traffic control: ATCC Air traffic control centre ATCO Air traffic controller ATCT Airport traffic control tower: ATCRBS Air traffic control radar beacon system: ATCSS Air traffic control signalling system ATD Actual time of departure Equivalent to off-block time [7] ATE Advanced Technology Engine: ATF Aerodrome traffic frequency ATFM Air ...
It is the main air traffic control system for the airspace around airports. At large airports it typically controls traffic within a radius of 60 miles (96 km) of the airport below an elevation of 25,000 feet. The sophisticated systems at large airports consist of two different radar systems, the primary and secondary surveillance radar. [1]
The aircraft emergency frequency (also known in the USA as Guard) is a frequency used on the aircraft band reserved for emergency communications for aircraft in distress.The frequencies are 121.5 MHz for civilian, also known as International Air Distress (IAD), International Aeronautical Emergency Frequency, [1] or VHF Guard, [1] and 243.0 MHz—the second harmonic of VHF guard—for military ...