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For some, one of the earliest challenges comes in what many erroneously assume to be a very intuitive process — feeding the baby. It’s one of the first major parental decisions: breastfeeding ...
The feedings will last 30–40 minutes in the beginning, or 15–20 minutes per breast if breastfeeding. As the infant matures, the feeding times shorten. [1] Feeding often is important to promote normal growth and development, and maintain milk production in mothers who are breastfeeding. [5]
The decision to bottle-feed rather than breastfeed is of similar importance to low birth weight in predicting infant mortality, particularly in regards to the black-white infant mortality gap. Thus, breastfeeding promotion initiatives focused on black women should emphasize education and encourage black women to prefer breastfeeding to bottle ...
Infants are altricial and are fully dependent on their mothers or an adult caretaker for an extended period of time. [10] Breastfeeding is the recommended method of feeding by all major infant health organizations. [11] If breastfeeding is not possible or desired, bottle feeding is done with expressed breast-milk or with infant formula.
The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), also known as Baby Friendly Initiative (BFI), is a worldwide programme of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund , launched in 1992 in India [1] [2] following the adoption of the Innocenti Declaration on breastfeeding promotion in 1990. [3]
High levels of prolactin during pregnancy and breastfeeding also increase insulin resistance, increase growth factor levels (IGF-1) and modify lipid metabolism in preparation for breastfeeding. During lactation, prolactin is the main factor maintaining tight junctions of the ductal epithelium and regulating milk production through osmotic balance.
An infant receiving breastfeeding. [1]Establishment of breastfeeding refers to the initiation of providing breast milk of mother to baby.According to the World Health Organization(WHO), [2] breastfeeding is the best way to provide nourishment, including essential nutrients, energy and antibodies, to infants and toddlers.
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