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Hepatitis E is inflammation of the liver caused by infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV); [4] [5] it is a type of viral hepatitis. [6] Hepatitis E has mainly a fecal-oral transmission route that is similar to hepatitis A , although the viruses are unrelated.
Ischemic hepatitis, also known as shock liver, is a condition defined as an acute liver injury caused by insufficient blood flow (and consequently insufficient oxygen delivery) to the liver. [5] The decreased blood flow ( perfusion ) to the liver is usually due to shock or low blood pressure.
Unlike steatosis and cirrhosis, no imaging test is able to detect liver inflammation (i.e. hepatitis) or fibrosis. [33] Liver biopsy is the only definitive diagnostic test that is able to assess inflammation and fibrosis of the liver. [33]
A complete blood test can help distinguish intrinsic liver disease from extrahepatic bile-duct obstruction. [19] An ultrasound of the liver can reliably detect a dilated biliary-duct system, [20] it can also detect the characteristics of a cirrhotic liver. [21] Computerized tomography (CT) can give accurate anatomical information for a complete ...
Liver biopsy is often required for the diagnosis of a liver problem (jaundice, abnormal blood tests) where blood tests, such as hepatitis A serology, have not been able to identify a cause. It is also required if hepatitis is possibly the result of medication , but the exact nature of the reaction is unclear.
Liver showing chronic passive congestion associated with tricuspid valve incompetence. So called 'nutmeg liver', Split nutmeg, for those who have never seen this appearance. Close up of congested liver showing the 'nutmeg' appearance. Congestive hepatopathy, is liver dysfunction due to venous congestion, usually due to congestive heart failure.
Chronic (rather than acute) infection with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus is the main cause of liver cancer. [60] Globally, about 248 million individuals are chronically infected with hepatitis B (with 843,724 in the U.S.), [ 61 ] and 142 million are chronically infected with hepatitis C [ 62 ] (with 2.7 million in the U.S.). [ 63 ]
Benign liver tumors generally develop on normal or fatty liver, are single or multiple (generally paucilocular), have distinct delineation, with increased echogenity (hemangiomas, benign focal nodular hyperplasia) or absent, with posterior acoustic enhancement effect (cysts), have distinct delineation (hydatid cyst), lack of vascularization or show a characteristic circulatory pattern ...