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Q.E.D. or QED is an initialism of the Latin phrase quod erat demonstrandum, meaning "that which was to be demonstrated". Literally, it states "what was to be shown". [ 1 ] Traditionally, the abbreviation is placed at the end of mathematical proofs and philosophical arguments in print publications, to indicate that the proof or the argument is ...
quod erat faciendum (Q.E.F.) which was to be done: Or "which was to be constructed". Used in translations of Euclid's Elements when there was nothing to prove, but there was something being constructed, for example a triangle with the same size as a given line. quod est (q.e.) which is: quod est necessarium est licitum: what is necessary is lawful
In mathematics, the tombstone, halmos, end-of-proof, or Q.E.D. symbol "∎" (or " ") is a symbol used to denote the end of a proof, in place of the traditional abbreviation "Q.E.D." for the Latin phrase "quod erat demonstrandum". It is inspired by the typographic practice of end marks, an element that marks the end of an article. [1] [2]
Chicago Sun-Times/Chicago Daily News collection/Chicago History Museum/Getty ImagesDuring Prohibition, enforcing the nation’s liquor ban was a game of cat and mouse. Smugglers, speakeasies, and ...
This abbreviation stands for "quod erat demonstrandum", which is Latin for "that which was to be demonstrated". A more common alternative is to use a square or a rectangle, such as or ∎, known as a " tombstone " or "halmos" after its eponym Paul Halmos .
Q.E.D. (quod erat demonstrandum), used at the end of a mathematical proof; Quantum electrodynamics, a field in particle physics; QED manifesto and project, a database of mathematical knowledge; QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter, a 1985 physics book by Richard Feynman
a quod, the main playing item in the fictional sport of Quodpot in the Harry Potter universe; Quod (board game), an abstract strategy game; The word is also common in several Latin phrases used in different (English) contexts: per quod; ad quod damnum; nemo dat quod non habet; quod erat demonstrandum (often abbreviated "Q.E.D.")
The idea for the project arose in 1993, mainly under the impetus of Robert Boyer.The goals of the project, tentatively named QED project or project QED, were outlined in the QED manifesto, a document first published in 1994, with input from several researchers. [1]