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GS catalyzes the ATP-dependent condensation of glutamate with ammonia to yield glutamine. [4] The hydrolysis of ATP drives [8] the first step of a two-part, concerted mechanism. [4] [6] ATP phosphorylates glutamate to form ADP and an acyl-phosphate intermediate, γ-glutamyl phosphate, which reacts with ammonia, forming glutamine and inorganic ...
Ammonia solution, also known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately) ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water. It can be denoted by the symbols NH 3 (aq). Although the name ammonium hydroxide suggests a salt with the composition [NH + 4][OH −
Glutamate synthase (also known as Glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase) is an enzyme and frequently abbreviated as GOGAT. This enzyme manufactures glutamate from glutamine and α-ketoglutarate , and thus along with glutamine synthetase (abbreviated GS) plays a central role in the regulation of nitrogen assimilation in photosynthetic ...
The conversion of the amino acid glutamine to α-ketoglutarate takes place in two reaction steps: Conversion of glutamine to α-ketoglutarate. 1. Hydrolysis of the amino group of glutamine yielding glutamate and ammonium. Catalyzing enzyme: glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2) 2. Glutamate can be excreted or can be further metabolized to α-ketoglutarate.
In enzymology, a glutamate synthase (NADH) (EC 1.4.1.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. 2 L-glutamate + NAD + L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADH + H + Glutamate synthase facilitates the ammonium assimilation pathway, which follows the enzymes, nitrite reductase and glutamine synthase. [1]
Glutamate also plays an important role in the body's disposal of excess or waste nitrogen. Glutamate undergoes deamination, an oxidative reaction catalysed by glutamate dehydrogenase, [17] as follows: glutamate + H 2 O + NADP + → α-ketoglutarate + NADPH + NH 3 + H + Ammonia (as ammonium) is then excreted predominantly as urea, synthesised in ...
Ammonium is a modified form of ammonia that has an extra hydrogen atom. It is a positively charged molecular ion with the chemical formula NH + 4 or [NH 4] +.It is formed by the addition of a proton (a hydrogen nucleus) to ammonia (NH 3).
The ammonia produced in neurons is fixed into α-ketoglutarate by the glutamate-dehydrogenase reaction to form glutamate, then transaminated by alanine aminotransferase into lactate-derived pyruvate to form alanine, which is exported to astrocytes. In the astrocytes, this process is then reversed, and lactate is transported in the other direction.