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AppLocker is an application whitelisting technology introduced with Microsoft's Windows 7 operating system. It allows restricting which programs users can execute based on the program's path, publisher, or hash, [ 1 ] and in an enterprise can be configured via Group Policy .
Command Prompt, also known as cmd.exe or cmd, is the default command-line interpreter for the OS/2, [1] eComStation, ArcaOS, Microsoft Windows (Windows NT family and Windows CE family), and ReactOS [2] operating systems. On Windows CE .NET 4.2, [3] Windows CE 5.0 [4] and Windows Embedded CE 6.0 [5] it is referred to as the Command Processor ...
When an application requests higher privileges or when a user selects a "Run as administrator" option, UAC will prompt standard users to enter the credentials of an Administrator account and prompt Administrators for confirmation and, if consent is given, continue or start the process using an unrestricted token. [7]
User Interface Privilege Isolation (UIPI) is a technology introduced in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 to combat shatter attack exploits. By making use of Mandatory Integrity Control, it prevents processes with a lower "integrity level" (IL) from sending messages to higher IL processes (except for a very specific set of UI messages).
Unlocking the bootloader allows installing and running unsigned code on a device, including user customized software. Operating outside the manufacturer specification might usually result in voiding any warranties and may make the device susceptible to data theft, as the integrity of the operating system (as intended by the manufacturer) can no longer be guaranteed. [1]
Safe Mode with Command Prompt (/SAFEBOOT:MINIMAL(ALTERNATESHELL) /SOS /BOOTLOG /NOGUIBOOT) – Default mode, except that Cmd.exe starts instead of Windows Explorer. [ 11 ] Windows in Directory Services Restore Mode ( /SAFEBOOT:DSREPAIR /SOS ) – (This mode is valid only for Windows-based domain controllers.)
After compromising a system, attackers often attempt to extract any stored credentials for further lateral movement through the network. A prime target is the LSASS process, which stores NTLM and Kerberos credentials.
The command is available in MS-DOS versions 2 (1983) and later. [5] While the ultimate origins of using the three-character string CLS as the command to clear the screen likely predate Microsoft's use, this command was present before its MS-DOS usage, in the embedded ROM BASIC dialects Microsoft wrote for early 8-bit microcomputers (such as TRS-80 Color BASIC), where it served the same purpose.