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Bilastine has an effectiveness similar to cetirizine, fexofenadine, and desloratadine. [8] Bilastine was discovered by the Spanish firm FAES Farma [9] and received its first approval in the European Union in 2010 for the symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria. [10] It is also approved in Canada and Australia.
Cetirizine crosses the blood–brain barrier only slightly, and for this reason, produces minimal sedation compared to many other antihistamines. [34] A positron emission tomography (PET) study found that brain occupancy of the H 1 receptor was 12.6% for 10 mg cetirizine, 25.2% for 20 mg cetirizine, and 67.6% for 30 mg hydroxyzine . [ 35 ] (
Therapeutically, fexofenadine is a selective peripheral H 1 blocker. It is classified as a second-generation antihistamine because it is less able to pass the blood–brain barrier and cause sedation, compared to first-generation antihistamines. [12] [13] It was patented in 1979 and came into medical use in 1996. [14]
Zyrtec contains the active ingredient cetirizine, which, according to one study, was more effective for allergy symptoms than fexofenadine, the ingredient in Allegra. RELATED: Which Works Better ...
Much of the research on the effectiveness of Zyrtec is older, but a 2014 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of more than 320 allergy sufferers found that those who took 10 ...
This lack of receptor selectivity is the basis of the poor tolerability profile of some of these agents, especially when compared with the second-generation H 1-antihistamines. Patient response and occurrence of adverse drug reactions vary greatly between classes and between agents within classes.