Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Concerns regarding whether benzodiazepines during pregnancy cause major malformations, in particular cleft palate, have been hotly debated in the literature. A meta analysis of the data from cohort studies found no link but meta analysis of case–control studies did find a significant increase in major malformations. (However, the cohort ...
Based on risk assessment, a safe upper intake level of 250 μg (10,000 IU) per day in healthy adults has been suggested by non-government authors. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D necessary to cause adverse effects in adults are thought to be greater than about 150 ng/mL, leading the Endocrine Society to suggest an upper limit ...
Benzodiazepine abuse is mostly limited to individuals who abuse other drugs, i.e. poly-drug abusers. Most prescribed users do not abuse their medication, however, some high dose prescribed users do become involved with the illicit drug scene. Abuse of benzodiazepines occurs in a wide age range of people and includes teenagers and the old.
Benzodiazepines require special precaution if used in the elderly, during pregnancy, in children, alcohol or drug-dependent individuals and individuals with comorbid psychiatric disorders. [86] Because of their muscle relaxant action, benzodiazepines may cause respiratory depression in susceptible individuals.
Given the shortfall, there are recommendations that breast-fed infants be fed a vitamin D dietary supplement of 400 IU/day during the first year of life. [55] If not breastfeeding, infant formulas are designed to deliver 400 IU/day for an infant consuming a liter of formula per day [59] - a normal volume for a full-term infant after the first ...
Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that can reverse the effects of benzodiazepines, although its use following benzodiazepine overdose is controversial. Medical observation and supportive care are the mainstay of treatment of benzodiazepine overdose. [ 16 ]
Post-acute withdrawal syndrome (PAWS) is a hypothesized set of persistent impairments that occur after withdrawal from alcohol, [1] [2] opiates, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and other substances. [3] [4] [5] Infants born to mothers who used substances of dependence during pregnancy may also experience a PAWS.
Benzodiazepine dependence is the condition resulting from repeated use of benzodiazepine drugs. It can include both a physical dependence as well as a psychological dependence and is typified by a withdrawal syndrome upon a fall in blood plasma levels of benzodiazepines, e.g., during dose reduction or abrupt withdrawal. [53]