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Pituitary incidentalomas are pituitary tumors that are characterized as an incidental finding. They are often discovered by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), performed in the evaluation of unrelated medical conditions such as suspected head trauma , in cancer staging or in the evaluation of nonspecific symptoms such ...
Many pituitary tumors (25%) are found to have areas of hemorrhagic infarction on MRI scans, but apoplexy is not said to exist unless it is accompanied by symptoms. [1] [4] In some instances, lumbar puncture may be required if there is a suspicion that the symptoms might be caused by other problems (meningitis or subarachnoid hemorrhage).
Pituitary - empty sella syndrome [1] MRI of Empty Sella: Specialty: Endocrinology Symptoms: Cryptorchidism: Causes: Arachnoid presses down on gland (another possibility is a Tumor, Radiation therapy) [1] Diagnostic method: MRI, CT scan [1] Medication: Manage abnormal hormone levels [1]
A prolactinoma is a tumor of the pituitary gland that produces the hormone prolactin.It is the most common type of functioning pituitary tumor. [1] Symptoms of prolactinoma are due to abnormally high levels of prolactin in the blood (hyperprolactinemia), or due to pressure of the tumor on surrounding brain tissue and/or the optic nerves.
MRI is the gold standard for diagnosing the empty sella sign. Key features include: [5] CSF signal: The sella turcica is filled with material that follows the signal characteristics of CSF on T1-weighted and T2-weighted images. Flattened pituitary gland: The pituitary gland appears thin and plastered against the sellar floor or walls.
MRI scans may be repeated periodically to assess tumor progression and the effects of therapy. [2] Computed Tomography (CT scan) is another indicator of abnormalities in pituitary gland size; it also gives an image of the pituitary, but is less sensitive than the MRI. [43]
A CT or MRI of the pituitary may also show the ACTH-secreting tumor if present. However, in 40% of Cushing's disease patients MRI is unable to detect a tumor. [8] In one study of 261 patients with confirmed pituitary Cushing's disease, only 48% of pituitary lesions were identified using MRI prior to surgery.
In medical or research imaging, an incidental imaging finding (also called an incidentaloma) is an unanticipated finding which is not related to the original diagnostic inquiry. As with other types of incidental medical findings , they may represent a diagnostic, ethical, and philosophical dilemma because their significance is unclear.