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Cyproheptadine has been reported to block 85% of 5-HT 2 receptors in the human brain at a dose of 4 mg three times per day (12 mg/day total) and to block 95% of 5-HT 2 receptors in the human brain at a dose of 6 mg three times per day (18 mg/day total) as measured with positron emission tomography (PET). [32]
flunixin meglumine – nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used as an analgesic and antipyretic in horses; fluralaner - antiparasitic; frunevetmab - nerve growth factor inhibitor monoclonal antibody used for osteoarthritis in cats; furosemide – diuretic used to prevent exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses
Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), or equine Cushing's disease, is an endocrine disease affecting the pituitary gland of horses. It is most commonly seen in older animals, [ 1 ] and is classically associated with the formation of a long, wavy coat ( hirsutism ) and chronic laminitis .
It is less effective as a sedative if the horse is already excited. [23] Additionally, acepromazine is used as a vasodilator in the treatment of laminitis, where an oral dose equivalent to "mild sedation" is commonly used, although the dose used is highly dependent on the treating veterinarian. While it is shown to elicit vasodilation in the ...
Forages, such as hay, make up the largest portion of the equine diet by weight. Equids can consume approximately 2–2.5% of their body weight in dry feed each day. Therefore, a 1,000 lb (450 kg) adult horse could eat up to 25 lb (11 kg) of food. [28] Foals less than six months of age eat 2–4% of their weight each day. [29]
However, horses with a low body condition score lack the fat reserves for strenuous work and also may lack lean muscle. [10] Horses with a very high body condition score carry too much weight, which interferes with stamina and biomechanics. Some studies addressed the relationship of body condition score and endurance performance in endurance races.
The horse is considered a "thin animal" (with little fat), whose weight is divided into approximately 11% bone, 50% muscle and 9% fat; [2] but a large number of factors influence its weight. Some breeds ( draft horses ) are naturally heavier than others ( ponies ), and differ in size and bone structure, so the weight range of horses is highly ...
Dose a Time to peak Half-life b Metabolism Anticholinergic Diphenhydramine: 50 mg 2–3 hours 2–9 hours CYP2D6, others Yes Doxylamine: 25 mg 2–3 hours 10–12 hours CYP2D6, others Yes Hydroxyzine: 25–100 mg 2 hours 20 hours ADH, CYP3A4, others No Doxepin: 3–6 mg 2–3 hours 17 hours c: CYP2D6, others No (at low doses) Mirtazapine: 7.5 ...