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Magnets exert forces and torques on each other through the interaction of their magnetic fields.The forces of attraction and repulsion are a result of these interactions. The magnetic field of each magnet is due to microscopic currents of electrically charged electrons orbiting nuclei and the intrinsic magnetism of fundamental particles (such as electrons) that make up the mater
Lorentz force on a charged particle (of charge q) in motion (velocity v), used as the definition of the E field and B field. Here subscripts e and m are used to differ between electric and magnetic charges .
The magnetic force produced by a bar magnet, at a given point in space, therefore depends on two factors: the strength p of its poles (magnetic pole strength), and the vector separating them. The magnetic dipole moment m is related to the fictitious poles as [ 7 ] m = p ℓ . {\displaystyle \mathbf {m} =p\,\mathrm {\boldsymbol {\ell }} \,.}
The force on a current carrying wire is similar to that of a moving charge as expected since a current carrying wire is a collection of moving charges. A current-carrying wire feels a force in the presence of a magnetic field. The Lorentz force on a macroscopic current is often referred to as the Laplace force.
The magnetization field or M-field can be defined according to the following equation: =. Where is the elementary magnetic moment and is the volume element; in other words, the M-field is the distribution of magnetic moments in the region or manifold concerned.
In physics, the magnetomotive force (abbreviated mmf or MMF, symbol ) is a quantity appearing in the equation for the magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit, Hopkinson's law. [1] It is the property of certain substances or phenomena that give rise to magnetic fields : F = Φ R , {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}=\Phi {\mathcal {R}},} where Φ is the ...
where is the magnetic force constant from the Biot–Savart law, / is the total force on either wire per unit length of the shorter (the longer is approximated as infinitely long relative to the shorter), is the distance between the two wires, and , are the direct currents carried by the wires.
In simple situations, such as a point charge moving freely in a homogeneous magnetic field, it is easy to calculate the forces on the charge from the Lorentz force law. When the situation becomes more complicated, this ordinary procedure can become impractically difficult, with equations spanning multiple lines.