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Clark's nutcracker is the primary seed disperser for whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis). [11] Whitebark pine is in decline throughout its range, due to infection by white pine blister rust ( Cronartium ribicola ) , widespread outbreaks of mountain pine beetle , and the long-term effects of fire suppression. [ 12 ]
The whitebark pine is an important source of food for many granivorous birds and small mammals, including most importantly the Clark's nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), the major seed disperser of the pine. [5] Clark's nutcrackers each cache about 30,000 to 100,000 seeds each year in small, widely scattered caches, usually under 2 to 3 cm (3 ...
Clark's nutcracker. There is a mutualistic interaction between Clark's nutcracker and two pines of the subalpine zone. Most pine species are wind-dispersed and their seeds are flat and winged. However, whitebark pine and limber pine both have non-winged, succulent seeds that have probably co-evolved with Clark's nutcrackers.
That's how some 300,000 whitebark pine seedlings came to be in two greenhouses at the Coeur d'Alene Nursery, a sea of green on waist-high tables. White tags are interspersed throughout, relaying ...
[12] [13] Beginning in 1987, as a faculty member at the University of Colorado Denver, she contributed to an inter-agency research team investigating the decline of whitebark pine in the Northern Rocky Mountains, leading to a USDA Forest Service Centennial Conservation Award in 1991 for her role in clarifying the nutcracker's importance in ...
The most common tree in the subalpine forest is the whitebark pine. [10] The western white pine, mountain hemlock, and lodgepole pine are also found in this forest with many subalpine meadows that flower from July through August. [3] Many species live in, or are transient in, this zone, including Clark's nutcracker. [4]
Glacier received $270,000 to continue work on restoring threatened whitebark pine and to implement the National Whitebark Pine Restoration Strategy. The multi-park project builds on 20 years of ...
Whitebark pine is native to the park and grows at elevations over 5,000 ft (1,500 m) in the drier eastern region of the park. [90] Whitebark pine is a stabilizing species for other species of high altitude flora and provides a food source for birds such as the Clark's nutcracker and mammals including red and Douglas squirrels. [90]
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