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In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system (or a non-linear system) is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input. [1] [2] Nonlinear problems are of interest to engineers, biologists, [3] [4] [5] physicists, [6] [7] mathematicians, and many other scientists since most systems are inherently nonlinear in nature. [8]
Graphs occur frequently in everyday applications. Examples include biological or social networks, which contain hundreds, thousands and even billions of nodes in some cases (e.g. Facebook or LinkedIn). 1-planarity [1] 3-dimensional matching [2] [3]: SP1 Bandwidth problem [3]: GT40 Bipartite dimension [3]: GT18
Nonlinear ones are of particular interest for their commonality in describing real-world systems and how much more difficult they are to solve compared to linear differential equations. This list presents nonlinear ordinary differential equations that have been named, sorted by area of interest.
An example of a nonlinear control system is a thermostat-controlled heating system. A building heating system such as a furnace has a nonlinear response to changes in temperature; it is either "on" or "off", it does not have the fine control in response to temperature differences that a proportional (linear) device would have.
Periodic points of complex quadratic mappings, of which the logistic map is a special case confined to the real line; Radial basis function network, which illustrates the inverse problem for the logistic map. Schröder's equation; Stiff equation
Fitting of a noisy curve by an asymmetrical peak model, with an iterative process (Gauss–Newton algorithm with variable damping factor α).Curve fitting [1] [2] is the process of constructing a curve, or mathematical function, that has the best fit to a series of data points, [3] possibly subject to constraints.
A transcendental equation need not be an equation between elementary functions, although most published examples are. In some cases, a transcendental equation can be solved by transforming it into an equivalent algebraic equation. Some such transformations are sketched below; computer algebra systems may provide more elaborated transformations. [a]
Nonlinear algebra is the nonlinear analogue to linear algebra, generalizing notions of spaces and transformations coming from the linear setting. [1] Algebraic geometry is one of the main areas of mathematical research supporting nonlinear algebra, while major components coming from computational mathematics support the development of the area ...