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De re militari is a treatise on Roman military affairs by Vegetius, a late 4th or early 5th-century writer, and contains considerable information on the late army, although its focus is on the army of the Republic and Principate. However, Vegetius (who wholly lacked military experience) is often unreliable.
This is a list of Roman army units and bureaucrats. Accensus – Light infantry men in the armies of the early Roman Republic, made up of the poorest men of the army. Actuarius – A soldier charged with distributing pay and provisions. Adiutor – A camp or headquarters adjutant or assistant. Aeneator – Military musician such as a bugler
The Marian reforms were putative changes to the composition and operation of the Roman army during the late Roman republic usually attributed to Gaius Marius (a general who was consul in 107, 104–100, and 86 BC [12]). The most important of those putative changes concerned the altering of the socio-economic background of the soldiery.
The contubernium (Latin for 'tenting-together') was the smallest organized unit of soldiers in the Roman Army and was composed of ten legionaries, [1] essentially the equivalent of a modern squad, although unlike modern squads contubernia seemed to serve no tactical role in battle.
Late Roman military units (4 C, 18 P) Roman legions (4 C, 77 P) P. Praetorian Guard (2 C, 8 P) Pages in category "Military units and formations of the Roman Empire"
Cataphractarii regiments apparently remained few in number in the army of the Principate (to AD 284). They became more numerous in the Late Roman army, especially in the East. However, a number of the "eastern" units have Gaulish names (including the Biturigenses and Ambianenses), indicating their western origins. [11]
According to Polybius, the most complete and likely the most accurate account, the legion consisted of 10 maniples of 120 hastati, 10 maniples of 120 principes, and 10 half strength maniples of triarii containing 60 men each. [6]: 34–35 With 1,200 velites and 300 cavalrymen a legion numbered 4,500 men. However, in times of great need the ...
Barbarians from outside the empire probably supplied a much larger proportion of the late army's recruits than in the army of the 1st and 2nd centuries. The emperor Constantine I, who divided the army into escort army (comitatenses) and border (limitanei) troops, giving the late Roman army the structure described in the Notitia Dignitatum.