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The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of military campaigns fought between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England in the late 13th and 14th centuries. The First War (1296–1328) began with the English invasion of Scotland in 1296 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton in 1328.
The First War of Scottish Independence was the first of a series of wars between English and Scottish forces. It lasted from the English invasion of Scotland in 1296 until the de jure restoration of Scottish independence with the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton in 1328. De facto independence was established in 1314 at the Battle of ...
A Scottish army led by John Comyn, Earl of Buchan, invaded England on 26 March 1296 and attacked Carlisle. The Governor of Carlisle Castle, Robert de Brus, Earl of Carrick, withheld the siege for four days. The Scottish army withdrew, after setting fire to the town, as they had no siege engines. They had also burnt the town of Tindale.
The battle of Dunbar effectively ended the war of 1296 with an English victory. The remainder of the campaign was little more than a grand mopping-up operation. James, the hereditary High Steward of Scotland, surrendered the important fortress at Roxburgh without attempting a defence, and others were quick to follow his example.
After the raid on Carlisle was committed by the seven invading Scottish earls (Buchan, Menteith, Strathearn, Lennox, Ross, Athol and Mar), [8] the English, under Edward I, began the initial conquest of Scotland in the first phase of the war.
2 First War of Scottish Independence (1296–1327) 3 Second War of Scottish Independence (1332–1357) 4 Border Wars. 5 Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) 6 Anglo ...
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Wars of Scottish Independence: Wars of Scottish Independence – A series of military campaigns fought from 1296–1357 by the Kingdom of Scotland to maintain their nation's independence from the Kingdom of England.
First War of Scottish Independence (1296–1328) Location: Scotland, England, and Ireland Robert the Bruce addressing his troops before Bannockburn (drawing from c. 1900) Kingdom of Scotland. Supported by: Kingdom of France. Kingdom of Thomond. Kingdom of Uí Maine. Kingdom of Tyrconnell. Kingdom of West Breifne. Kingdom of Desmond. Kingdom of ...