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However, the cross-flow turbine has a flat efficiency curve under varying load. With a split runner and turbine chamber, the turbine maintains its efficiency while the flow and load vary from 1/6 to the maximum. Since it has a low price, and good regulation, cross-flow turbines are mostly used in mini and micro hydropower units of less than one ...
The compressor also has to pass the same flow as whatever uses the gas power, ie additional turbine stages for a single shaft engine or separate power turbines or a jet nozzle. This equal-flow requirement is alongside an equal pressure-ratio requirement, between overall compression and expansion ratios, and together they position the running ...
Example of a Sankey diagram Sankey's original 1898 diagram showing energy efficiency of a steam engine. Sankey diagrams are a data visualisation technique or flow diagram that emphasizes flow/movement/change from one state to another or one time to another, [1] in which the width of the arrows is proportional to the flow rate of the depicted extensive property.
The y-axis is some measure of flow, usually non-dimensional flow or corrected flow, but not actual flow. Sometimes the axes of a turbine map are transposed, to be consistent with those of a compressor map. As in this case, a companion plot, showing the variation of isentropic (i.e. adiabatic) or polytropic efficiency, is often also included.
Cross-flow turbine: Also known as Banki-Mitchell or Ossberger turbines, these devices are used for a large range of hydraulic heads (from 2 to 100 meters) and flow rates (from 0.03 to 20 m 3 /s), but are more efficient for low heads and low power outputs. They are considered "impulse" turbines, since they get energy from water by reducing its ...
The effects of cooling in turbines causes vibration, noise, flutter, and high blade stress. Leakage flow causes low static pressure in the core area, increasing the risk of cavitation and blade damage. The leakage velocity is given as: Q L = 2 ( ( P p - P s) / ρ ) 1/2. The leakage flow sheet due to velocity induced by the vortex is given in ...
[33] [34] A standard configuration emerged of an axial-flow high-pressure turbine (sometimes with a cruising turbine attached) and a double-axial-flow low-pressure turbine connected to a double-reduction gearbox. This arrangement continued throughout the steam era in the US Navy and was also used in some Royal Navy designs.
A steam turbine with the case opened Humming of a small pneumatic turbine used in a German 1940s-vintage safety lamp. A turbine (/ ˈ t ɜːr b aɪ n / or / ˈ t ɜːr b ɪ n /) (from the Greek τύρβη, tyrbē, or Latin turbo, meaning vortex) [1] [2] is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work.