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An 18650 battery [1] or 1865 cell [2] is a cylindrical lithium-ion battery common in electronic devices. The batteries measure 18 mm (0.71 in) in diameter by 65 mm (2.56 in) in length, giving them the name 18650. [3] The battery comes in many nominal voltages depending on the specific chemistry used.
The full battery designation identifies not only the size, shape and terminal layout of the battery but also the chemistry (and therefore the voltage per cell) and the number of cells in the battery. For example, a CR123 battery is always LiMnO 2 ('Lithium') chemistry, in addition to its unique size.
Standard battery nomenclature describes portable dry cell batteries that have physical dimensions and electrical characteristics interchangeable between manufacturers. The long history of disposable dry cells means that many manufacturer-specific and national standards were used to designate sizes, long before international standards were reached.
Under certain conditions, some battery chemistries are at risk of thermal runaway, leading to cell rupture or combustion. As thermal runaway is determined not only by cell chemistry but also cell size, cell design and charge, only the worst-case values are reflected here. [64]
A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses the reversible intercalation of Li + ions into electronically conducting solids to store energy. In comparison with other commercial rechargeable batteries, Li-ion batteries are characterized by higher specific energy, higher energy density, higher energy efficiency, a longer cycle life, and a longer calendar life.
Lithium ions intercalate between the layers upon discharging, remaining between the lattice planes until the battery gets charged, at which point the lithium de-intercalates and moves to the anode. [4] Points in a solid solution phase diagram between the end members LiCoO 2, LiMnO 2, and LiNiO 2 represent stoichiometric NMC cathodes. [5]
battery, Zinc–Bromine flow (ZnBr) [30] 0.27: battery, Nickel–metal hydride (NiMH), High-Power design as used in cars [31] 0.250: 0.493: battery, Nickel–Cadmium (NiCd) [23] 0.14: 1.08: 80% [26] battery, Zinc–Carbon [23] 0.13: 0.331: battery, Lead–acid [23] 0.14: 0.36: battery, Vanadium redox: 0.09 [citation needed] 0.1188: 70-75% ...
The battery is sealed, metal contacts are attached, and an optional button top is applied if the battery is intended to replace an AAA/AA/C/D alkaline battery. A label with the brand name is then applied, or a blank protective label, often green (for Ni-MH) or blue (for Ni-Cd) for a generic or OEM battery.