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The key distinction between a ship and a barque (in modern usage) is that a ship carries a square-rigged mizzen topsail (and therefore that its mizzen mast has a topsail yard and a cross-jack yard) whereas the mizzen mast of a barque has only fore-and-aft rigged sails. The cross-jack yard was the lowest yard on a ship's mizzen mast.
The Age of Sail reached its peak in the 18th and 19th centuries with large, heavily armed battleships and merchant sailing ships. Sailing and steam ships coexisted for much of the 19th century. The steamers of the early part of the century had very poor fuel efficiency and were suitable only for a small number of roles, such as towing sailing ...
French ships used similarly standardized caliber guns of 36-pound, 24-pounders, 18-pounders, 12-pounders, and 8-pounders, augmented by carronades and smaller pieces. The word pound in this context refers to the French pre-metric unit of weight - the livre , which was 7.916 percent more than the English/British equivalent; thus, as an example ...
18th-century diagram of a hoy, with the names of essential parts and a legend giving dimensions [1] A hoy is a small gaff-rigged coasting ship or a heavy barge used for freight, usually with a burthen of about 60 tons . The word derives from the Middle Dutch hoey.
[4] [8] While their use stretches back before the 17th century, one of the most famous periods for the brig was during the 19th century when they were involved in famous naval battles such as the Battle of Lake Erie. In the early 19th century the brig was a standard cargo ship.
Lewis R. French, a gaff-rigged schooner Oosterschelde, a topsail schooner Orianda, a staysail schooner, with Bermuda mainsail. A schooner (/ ˈ s k uː n ər / SKOO-nər) [1] is a type of sailing vessel defined by its rig: fore-and-aft rigged on all of two or more masts and, in the case of a two-masted schooner, the foremast generally being shorter than the mainmast.
A sloop-of-war was quite different from a civilian or mercantile sloop, which was a general term for a single-masted vessel rigged in a way that would today be called a gaff cutter (but usually without the square topsails then carried by cutter-rigged vessels), though some sloops of that type did serve in the 18th century British Royal Navy, particularly on the Great Lakes of North America.
A Spanish galleon (left) firing its cannons at a Dutch warship (right). Cornelis Verbeeck, c. 1618–1620 A Spanish galleon Carracks, galleon (center/right), square rigged caravel (below), galley and fusta (galliot) depicted by D. João de Castro on the "Suez Expedition" (part of the Portuguese Armada of 72 ships sent against the Ottoman fleet anchor in Suez, Egypt, in response to its entry in ...