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Young's modulus is defined as the ratio of the stress (force per unit area) applied to the object and the resulting axial strain (displacement or deformation) in the linear elastic region of the material. Although Young's modulus is named after the 19th-century British scientist Thomas Young, the concept was developed in 1727 by Leonhard Euler.
The slope of the initial, linear portion of this curve gives Young's modulus. Mathematically, Young's modulus E is calculated using the formula E=σ/ϵ, where σ is the stress and ϵ is the strain. Shear modulus (G) Initial structure: Start with a relaxed structure of the material. All atoms should be in a state of minimum energy with no ...
shear modulus: pascal (Pa) or newton per square meter (N/m 2) gluon field strength tensor: inverse length squared (1/m 2) acceleration due to gravity: meters per second squared (m/s 2), or equivalently, newtons per kilogram (N/kg) magnetic field strength: ampere per meter (A/m) Hamiltonian
The most important parameters to define the measurement uncertainty are the mass and dimensions of the sample. Therefore, each parameter has to be measured (and prepared) to a level of accuracy of 0.1%. Especially, the sample thickness is most critical (third power in the equation for Young's modulus).
Volume, modulus of elasticity, distribution of forces, and yield strength affect the impact strength of a material. In order for a material or object to have a high impact strength, the stresses must be distributed evenly throughout the object. It also must have a large volume with a low modulus of elasticity and a high material yield strength. [7]
Elastic properties describe the reversible deformation (elastic response) of a material to an applied stress. They are a subset of the material properties that provide a quantitative description of the characteristics of a material, like its strength .
The actual elastic modulus lies between the curves. In materials science , a general rule of mixtures is a weighted mean used to predict various properties of a composite material . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It provides a theoretical upper- and lower-bound on properties such as the elastic modulus , ultimate tensile strength , thermal conductivity ...
Once this material is attached to a rigid body at multiple locations, thermal stresses can be created in the geometrically constrained region. This stress is calculated by multiplying the change in temperature, material's thermal expansion coefficient and material's Young's modulus (see formula below).