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Tajima's D is a population genetic test statistic created by and named after the Japanese researcher Fumio Tajima. [1] Tajima's D is computed as the difference between two measures of genetic diversity: the mean number of pairwise differences and the number of segregating sites, each scaled so that they are expected to be the same in a neutrally evolving population of constant size.
The McDonald–Kreitman test [1] is a statistical test often used by evolutionary and population biologists to detect and measure the amount of adaptive evolution within a species by determining whether adaptive evolution has occurred, and the proportion of substitutions that resulted from positive selection (also known as directional selection).
Population genetics is a subfield of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and among populations, and is a part of evolutionary biology.Studies in this branch of biology examine such phenomena as adaptation, speciation, and population structure.
The "drifty gene hypothesis" [1] was proposed by the British biologist John Speakman as an alternative to the thrifty gene hypothesis originally proposed by James V Neel in 1962. [2] Speakman's critique of the thrifty gene hypothesis is based on an analysis of the pattern and level of mortality during famines. Despite much anecdotal evidence ...
Genetic variation is the difference in DNA among individuals [1] or the differences between populations among the same species. [2] The multiple sources of genetic variation include mutation and genetic recombination. [3] Mutations are the ultimate sources of genetic variation, but other mechanisms, such as genetic drift, contribute to it, as ...
Recently reported estimates of the human genome-wide mutation rate. The human germline mutation rate is approximately 0.5×10 −9 per basepair per year. [1]In genetics, the mutation rate is the frequency of new mutations in a single gene, nucleotide sequence, or organism over time. [2]
The concept of F-statistics was developed during the 1920s by the American geneticist Sewall Wright, [1] [2] who was interested in inbreeding in cattle. However, because complete dominance causes the phenotypes of homozygote dominants and heterozygotes to be the same, it was not until the advent of molecular genetics from the 1960s onwards that ...
Tomoko Ohta also emphasized the importance of nearly neutral mutations, in particularly slightly deleterious mutations. [28] The Nearly neutral theory stems from the prediction of neutral theory that the balance between selection and genetic drift depends on effective population size. [29]